Digital radiographic images can be indirect, direct, or semi-direct. Radiographic produced by flatbed scanners with a transparency adapter, slide scanners, and digital cameras are referred to as indirect digital radiographs. Direct digital images are acquired using a solid-state sensor such as CCD or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-based chips. Semi-direct images are obtained using a phosphor plate system charge-coupling that transfers the number of electrons deposited in each pixel from one well to the next in a sequential manner to a readout amplifier for image display on the monitor. Area digital sensor array is used for intraoral radiography while linear arrays are used in extraoral imaging. CMOS sensors use an active pixel technology. It reduces required system power by a factor of 100 and eliminates the need for charge transfer. The phosphor plate system consists of a polyester base coated with a crystalline emulsion of europium-activated barium fluorohalide Compound. Incident X-ray photons create a latent image. A scanner reads the image information by scanning the plate with a laser beam of near-red wavelengths to form a digital image.
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